In 1933 a proposal was presented to the Alpine-Montan company stating that the ore from iron ore deposits could be delivered to Donawitz, not at the current price of about 3.50 schillings per tonne by rail, but at a cost of about 0.30 schillings per tonne by means of a patented double-spiral-flow pipe (see fig. 16)[5].
At first this proposal was ridiculed, because according to expert opinion either the ore, having a specific weight of 1.9 and therefore heavier than water (= 1.0), would be left lying on the bottom or the pipe-walls would be heavily scoured within a short space of time, and therefore the proposal would not be commercially viable.
In order to counter these opposing views practically, test pipes 64 metres long with an internal diameter of 27.5 cm (11 inches) were fabricated. At a gradient of 1%, ore and pebbles with a grain-size of about 10 cm (4 inches) in cross-section were transported down the pipe. The experiments were carried out at Kohlleben. The steeper the geological gradient was, the more efficacious the transport.
The experts from Alpine-Montan and the then Ministry of Agriculture were forced to admit that ore, stones, mineral coal - in short, bodies heavier than water, were in fact transported down the flow-axis of the pipe without touching the walls.
The speed of the ore, which moved silently along the pipe-axis, was so great that the passage of lumps of ore larger than fist-size could not even be observed in the crystal-clear water through the observation windows. Even at the point of discharge, the speed was too great to be able to discern the stones, etc.
In order to ascertain the uninhibited motion of the transported material, small wire baskets were placed at the end of the pipe in order to determine the flow velocity and the actual position and motion of the heavy bodies down the axis of the pipe.
[5] See also figs. 8 & 9 and associated patent descriptions in The Water Wizard, Vol I of the Ecotechnology series. — Ed.
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After this practical demonstration, it was announced that the quantity of ore available for transport was falling by the month and that it would no longer be profitable to build a second such pipe-line alongside the existing railway, because it might be necessary to shut down the blast-furnaces altogether and to close the business temporarily.
The whole affair was no longer pursued owing to the deteriorating economic situation.
[6] In regard to the carrying capacity of wooden pipes, the following passage from a book 'The Australian Wood Pipe Company' (p. 21, publ. circa 1910) provides interesting insights. "It is conceded that smoothly-planed timber has the lowest coefficient of friction of all materials ordinarily employed for conveying water. Many extensive experiments have been made on the flow of water in various kinds of pipe operating under many conditions. Within the last few years, the United States Department of Agriculture has carried on a very extensive series of experiments on the flow of water in Wood-Stave Pipe, and attention is called to their Bulletin No. 376, and in particular to the conclusions therein: Conclusions. 'That the data now existing does not show that the Capacity of Wood-Stave pipe either increases or decreases with age. That wood pipe will convey about 15 per cent more water than a ten-year-old cast iron pipe or a new riveted pipe, and about 25 per cent more than a cast iron pipe 20 years old, or a riveted pipe ten years old.' The conclusion of Government experiments, as given above, definitely prove that the carrying capacity of Wood-Stave Pipe is from 15 percent to 25 per cent greater than metal pipe, with the additional advantage that Wood-Stave Pipe will remain smooth and clean internally throughout its entire life."- Ed.
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Since interest in this ore-transport has now been revived by a third party, the following description of the method of transporting bodies heavier than water, which contradicts known scientific opinion, is still relevant.
It is known that a few rivers not only transport their heavy sediment to the sea, but despite the resistance of the heavy sea-water, actually carry it far out and form promontories (haff formation).
Rivers that warm up along their course, deposit their sediment, silt up the channel and form deltas, so that instead of the formation of new dry land, marsh and swampland have created.
The secret of the dwindling and disappearance of the tractive force and carrying capacity in a naturally flowing stream lies in the way it moves.
The origins of all motion are differences in potential. If these differences cannot be maintained during flow, the water's kinetic energy wanes and the sediment is deposited in the wrong place. New bends are formed in this way, which have a greater significance than has hitherto been assumed.
The river-bend or curve is the cradle of water. Due to the water's swaying and swirling motion, processes of atomic transformation take place within the inner structure of the water, which have escaped the notice of the world of experts. [The Energy Evolution - Harnessing Free Energy from Nature, The Transport of Ore in Double-Spiral-Flow Pipes]
The straightening of a watercourse in order to shorten it and steepen the geological gradient results in an even stronger deposition of sediment and even greater flattening of the geological gradient, a widening of the channel, the warming of the water and its even more rapid disappearance.[7]
The amount of energy lost when a river discharging about 500 m3/sec is warmed to about +22°C (+72°F) amounts to about 45 million kilowatts or 57 million horsepower per second.
This energy loss should be viewed as a form of latent energy, which is lost with a dynamic form of motion, but can be gained by a bio-dynamic form[8], for which experimental proof is available.
The energy that can be gained through bio-dynamic motion manifests itself in an increase in tractive force and carrying capacity, which appear primarily in the pipe-axis. Here the water is densified inhomogenously, because its contained gases are transformed into non-spacial dynagens.[9] As a result the core-water surges ahead like a ball of energy with increasing velocity.
Dynamically conducted water, on the other hand, generates motion-impeding gases.
[7] This is due to the abnormal evaporation rate caused by extended surface exposure and excessive infiltration into the ground due to the downward displacement of the +4°C (+39.2°F) anomaly zone. — Ed.
[8] Dynamic — Bio-dynamic: Here Viktor Schauberger differentiates between conventional hydraulics and naturalesque water flows. — Ed.
[9] Inhomogenously: Since some of the water's gases are transformed into a non-spacial state through densation and the remaining water is densified through cooling, two different states of densation exist and therefore the water is densified inhomogenously. Similarly, despite the overall cooling of the water, the peripheral flow are always warmer than the central core. - Ed.
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In patented double-spiral-flow pipes the peripheral water-masses are caused to swirl within and about themselves and around the central pipe-axis. This produces differences in potential between the peripheral and core waters, which lead to an accelerated flow resulting from the energising and ennobling of the bio-dynamically moved water.
The bio-dynamic movement of water is thus the form of motion that leads to culture per se or the inner culture of the water.
If the concept of 'culture' were to be defined naturalesquely then it should be interpreted as "the protection of Nature's pre-acting fundamental processes". This is only possible by taking care of what it is that is moved, for as mentioned earlier, naturalesque motion leads to the vivification of the life-carrier - water - and unnatural motion to its mortification, or its death and disappearance.
The open secret of water consists in the fact that processes of organic synthesis take place in the naturalesque conduction of water, whereas processes of organic analysis occur when it is conducted unnaturally. In the former case, the growth of water and an increase in latent energy occurs, hence a qualitative improvement. In the latter case, it results in the disappearance of water, to losses in latent energy and logically to a decline in quality.
It would deviate too far from the theme at hand to elaborate the inner processes of motion of naturally or unnaturally conducted water in greater detail. It is worth mentioning briefly, however, that the water discharged from such an ore transportation system is the most ideal regulator of the downstream flow regime of a river below it, because the enormous energies generated through double spiral conduction restore the river's kinetic energies, which to a certain extent were lost through its unnatural regulation. Compared with current methods of transporting the present 3 million tonnes of ore by rail, not only can 9 million Marks be saved, but the large rivers can be reinvigorated at the same time, thus becoming dynamic, fresh and healthy through an unimaginable boost of energy from the double-spiral-flow pipe installation. Fresh and healthy water is the first priority for the culture of any country.
Return to The Energy Evolution - Harnessing Free Energy from Nature
Both in cross-section and longitudinal section the double-spiral-flow pipe satisfies all the criteria necessary for a water-supply pipe, if it is to convey healthy water to the place of use. By means of a system of vanes made of precious metal arranged on the inner surface of the pipe walls (see figs. 5, 6, 7 & Patents Nos. 134543, 136214 & 138296 in Appendix), the water-masses are conducted along a double-spiral-flow pipe in such a way that the movement of the individual filaments of water at the periphery takes the form of a secondary helical motion along a primary helical path (see fig.) Through this arrangement both centrifugal and centripetal forces evolve simultaneously in the cross-section of the pipe, which convey bodies heavier than water down the centre. Bodies lighter than water are impelled towards the periphery.
Viktor Schauberger's portrayal of the double-spiral longitudinal vortex
Water-masses conducted in this fashion are slightly warmed through the interplay of mechanical forces of friction on the vane-surfaces, leading to the separation of oxygen in the inner region of the pipe and its subsequent concentration at the periphery.
At the same time as the oxygen is ejected, all the bacteria migrate towards the periphery as well, since their living conditions in the more central part of the cross-section have now become unsuitable. In company with the bacteria, all the water-polluting particles are also dispatched towards the periphery of the pipe. Thus the water is easily and simultaneously purged of suspended matter.
Once bacteria have transferred to the peripheral zone in search of the required oxygen, and after a certain period of time in water completely cut off from outside influences, they are overwhelmed by a localized concentration of oxygen. In this way precisely those pathogenic bacteria susceptible to an excess of oxygen are advantageously eliminated, whereas non-pathogenic bacteria which are not harmful to human health, but in many cases are actually beneficial, are to a certain extent retained. At the same time as the content of absorbed oxygen is separated from the carbones contained in all water, the inner core of the water surges ahead in a simple spiral movement (vortical movement along the longitudinal axis) because the surface tension of the water becomes physically reduced as a result of the above-mentioned separation of oxygen from the particles of carbone.
The physical reduction in surface tension results in a mechanical acceleration, leading to the self-purification and energetic charging of the centrally-accelerating water-masses. On the other hand this charging of energy gives rise to further processes related to the overall equilibrium between the heavy, centrally-accelerating bodies and the energy-rich water. With the ensuing simultaneous cooling solid particles are separated and are again directed towards the periphery. There they combine with oxygen and are reunited with the centrally-accelerating water in the form of additional energies. Those particles of matter not drawn into the centre will be pressed onto the surface of the pipe walls by the prevailing mechanical pressure, there to combine with the raw materials from which the timber was originally formed. Thus they seal the pores of the wood, which in this way becomes more durable than iron. Once again we are here concerned with a natural process whose active principle is operative in the formation of all capillaries. The capillaries not only construct themselves but also protect themselves against harmful influences.
As a result of acceleration of the entire body of water peculiar to the double-spiral-flow pipe, greater quantities of water can be conveyed than in an ordinary smooth-walled pipe and, due to the efficacy of the oxygen, extensive self-purification and self-sterilization of the water occurs which constantly increases in quality through the uninterrupted build-up of energy as it moves along its path. The reason for this is as follows: as they accelerate, centrally-conducted water-masses are simultaneously cooled, with the result that gases evolving from the carbones become concentrated in the flow-axis, where the lowest temperatures reside. This concentration decreases towards the periphery. The oxygen on the other hand is concentrated around the periphery of the pipe, reaching its most aggressive state at the interface with the warmer pipe-wall, giving rise to mutual interactions between the two basic substances from the periphery inwards. This subsequently leads to the aforementioned interactions which qualitatively enhance both water and wood.
In the course of time the relative spacial distribution of the more central flow of water and the interactions at the surface of the pipe walls arrive at a certain state of equilibrium. These processes then cease - the water is now mature and both wood and water have become almost immune to harmful outside influences. Whereas oxygen is located in the peripheral zones of the pipe, the free particles of carbonic acid congregate in the boundary zone of the inner core of water as a result of the water temperatures prevailing there. The carbones contained in the water, in bound form, necessarily accumulate in the central axis, which is predominantly saturated with carbones. By arranging the in-built, specially-shaped vanes in a particular way, aggressive particles of oxygen on the boundary layer of the outer edge of the inner core of water, are brought into continuous and direct contact with the most aggressive carbon dioxide, resulting in a continuous generation of energies. These are drawn further towards the centrally-accelerating water-masses, due to the decrease in temperature towards the central axis of the pipe.
Accordingly two types of circulation are created in the cross-section of the pipe: the mechanical circulation of the water and the counter-circulation of those energies that evolve when aggressive particles of oxygen encounter free carbon dioxide. This circulation of energy manifests itself in the form of a continuous electro-dynamic process. In this instance it does not take place at the walls of the pipe, but at the boundary zone of the water's inner core, resulting in the qualitative uplifting of its physical, material, energetic and immaterial attributes - but not in the destruction of the pipe walls.
These double-spiral-flow pipes also convey matter heavier than water down the middle of the pipe and at the same time ennoble and refine it, so that oils of inferior quality, for example, will be improved during flow. After smelting, iron ores transported in this fashion yield a higher-grade iron, because in the process of being transported, the oxygen in the ore is consumed in the formation of new carbone compounds (reduction processes), which then contribute towards the materially higher composition of the carbone - iron. [Our Senseless Toil, page 39-41]